MILDRONATE ® [Meldonium]

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Mildronate is, in general, well-tolerated and side effects are rare. They may include high blood pressure, agitation and allergy reactions.

Overdose

Cases of overdose have not been reported.

Country of Manufacture: Latvia

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Back in 1975, the creator of Mildronate (also known as Meldonium), professor Kalvins, was studying all body chemicals that can be deplenished during endurance trainings. He found that one particular chemical - Gamma Butyrobetaine - is being deplenished under physical workloads. He changed this molecule by replacing one atom of Silicon with that of Nitrogen so that the new molecule would not decompose and could act as a transmitter from CNS to peripheral cells.

Mildronate was approved for use to general public in 1984. It is a metabolic enhancer that can normalise cellular energy metabolism. As such, it is usually used to treat angina, myocardial failure and reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Off - label use of Meldonuim in otherwise healthy individuals includes increasing exercise tolerance, learning, memory and even sexual function.

Mildronate gained popularity after Sharapova, a famous tennis player, said that she has been taking this drug for the last 10 years because of healthy reasons. Also, a number of other world and olympic champions admitted taking it., e.g. world record holder in short track - Semen Elistratov, olympic champion figure skater - Ekaterina Bobrova, racing cyclist from team Katyusha - Eduard Varganov, world champion weightlifter Aleksey Lovchev and world champion runner from Sweden - Abeba Aregawi

Interesting facts about Mildronate:

• Latvia is selling about 70 million Euro of Mildronate annually, which is about 0.7% of the total exports of this country.
• The creator of the drug, professor Ivars Kalvins, claims that Meldonium has never been found to have anabolic properties; it is rather a cardioprotector that can protect cardiovascular system of athletes from ischemia under high physical workloads. He also says, that, as such, most athletes actually should use it to diminish the negative effects associated with high-intensity trainings.
• In 2015, 17% of Russian athletes were tested positive for Meldonium, compared with 2.2% athletes of other nationalities.
• Like Semax and Cerebrolysin, Mildronate is on the Russian List of Vital & Essential Drugs.

We recommend you this video explanation of Mildronate's effect in the cell.

Here you can read more TopBrainBoosters Review of Mildronate

Country of Manufacture: Latvia

Availability: in stock

1. Shutenko et al (1995) Mildronate: mechanisms of action and prospects for correction of pathologic states https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02219376
2. Georges et al (2000) Carnitine Transport into Muscular Cells. Inhibition of Transport and Cell Growth by Mildronate https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10751544
3. Dambrova et al (2002) Mildronate: Cardioprotective Action through Carnitine-Lowering Effect https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242052
4. Sjakste et al (2004) Endothelium- and nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxing activities of gamma-butyrobetaine esters: possible link to the antiischemic activities of mildronate https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219822
5. Peschechera et al (2005) Carnitine depletion in rat pups from mothers given mildronate: A model of carnitine deficiency in late fetal and neonatal life https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15979102
6. Liepinch et al (2006) Mildronate, an Inhibitor of Carnitine Biosynthesis, Induces an Increase in Gamma-Butyrobetaine Contents and Cardioprotection in Isolated Rat Heart Infarction https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204911
7. Sesti et al (2006) Mildronate, a novel fatty acid oxidation inhibitor and antianginal agent, reduces myocardial infarct size without affecting hemodynamics https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633095
8. Liepnich et al (2008) Mildronate decreases carnitine availability and up-regulates glucose uptake and related gene expression in the mouse heart https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801379
9. _Mildronate_improves_carotid_baroreceptor_reflex_function_in_patients_with_chronic_heart_failure Vitols et al (2008) Mildronate improves carotid baroreceptor reflex function in patients with chronic heart failure https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228500027
10. Liepnich et al (2009) Protective effects of mildronate in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki rats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594753
11. Liepnich et al (2009) Effects of long-term mildronate treatment on cardiac and liver functions in rats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19663820
12. Trumbeckaite et al (2009) Effects of ischemia-reperfusion and pretreatment with mildronate on rat liver mitochondrial function https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19904009
13. Vilskersts et al (2009) Mildronate, a Regulator of Energy Metabolism, Reduces Atherosclerosis in apoE/LDLR –/– Mice https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325254
14. Jaudzems et al (2009) Inhibition of carnitine acetyltransferase by mildronate, a regulator of energy metabolism https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19912061
15. Zvejniece et al (2010) Mildronate exerts acute anticonvulsant and antihypnotic effects https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661137
16. Kuka et al (2011) The Cardioprotective Effect of Mildronate is Diminished After Co-Treatment With l-Carnitine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903968
17. Isajevs et al (2011) Mildronate as a Regulator of Protein Expression in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186119
18. V. Dzerve (2011) A Dose-Dependent Improvement in Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Stable Angina Treated With Mildronate: A Clinical Trial “MILSS I” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186118
19. Zhu et al (2013) Efficacy and Safety of Mildronate for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Phase II Multicenter Trial https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23949899
20. Klusa et al (2013) Mildronate and its Neuroregulatory Mechanisms: Targeting the Mitochondria, Neuroinflammation, and Protein Expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24375241
21. Klusa et al (2013) Mildronate enhances learning/memory and changes hippocampal protein expression in trained rats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23537732
22. Beitnere et al (2014) Carnitine congener mildronate protects against stress and haloperidol-induced impairment in memory and brain protein expression in rats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446926
23. Zhao et al (2015) Single- and Multiple-dose Pharmacokinetic, Safety and Tolerability Study of Mildronate Injection in Healthy Chinese Subjects Pharmacokinetic of Mildronate Injection https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26697890